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J.Health Sci., 55(3), 363-372, 2009
Aquatic Fate of Sunscreen Agents Octyl-4-methoxycinnamate and Octyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate in Model Swimming Pools and the Mutagenic Assays of Their Chlorination Byproducts
Mariko Nakajima,a Tsuyoshi Kawakami,a, 1
Tatsuhiro Niino,b Yasuo Takahashi,a
and Sukeo Onodera*, a
aFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan and
bMitsubishi Chemical Safety Institute Ltd., 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
Reactions of sunscreen agents, octyl dimethyl-p-aminobenzoate (ODPABA) and octyl-p-methoxycinnamate (OMC), with hypochlorite in aqueous solution were investigated under the conditions that simulate swimming pool disinfection sites. Chlorination byproducts were determined by GC-MS. At a concentration of 9 μM, ODPABA reacted rapidly with free chlorine in the buffered solution at pH 7.0, OMC reacted with hypochlorite reasonably slowly under the same condition. ODPABA and OMC produced chlorine-substituted compounds as intermediates, which were decomposed to cleavaged products of ester-bond during the aqueous chlorination process. The chlorination intermediates of OMC exhibited weak mutagenic on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain without the S9 mix. The extent of the reactions depended on the chlorine dose, solution pH, and compound structures.
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