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J.Health Sci., 54(4), 464-470, 2008
Decrease in Intracellular Glutathione Level Alters Expressions of B-cell CLL/Lymphoma 2 Family Members in the Mouse Retina
Hyoung-Gon Song,a Cheil Moon,b
Myoung-Hee Park,c Jung-Il Moon,c
and Chanil Moon*, d
aDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 llwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea,
bDepartment of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology Kyungpook National University School of Dentistry, 188-1 Samdeok-dong, Jung-gu, Daegu 700-412, Republic of Korea,
cDepartment of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 62 Yeouido-dong, Yeoungdeungpo-gu, Seoul 150-713, Republic of Korea, and
dDepartment of Cardiology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, 1198 Guwol-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon 405-760, Republic of Korea
Oxidative stress affects all intracellular macromolecules, and leads cells to death under unfavorable conditions. Glutathione (GSH) is known to play a critical role in the cellular defense against unregulated oxidative stress in mammalian cells including neurons. We previously demonstrated that GSH depletion induces cell death in the retina, but the mechanism of cell defense by GSH is still unclear. Thus, we here examined the effect of GSH depletion on expression of members of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family (bcl-2, bcl-XL, bax, bak, n-bak and bad) known to play key roles in determining cell viability. In order to deplete intracellular GSH, we systemically administrated buthionine sulphoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase to mice. After 0, 1, 4, and 7 days of BSO injection, total RNAs from retina of each animals were isolated and subjected to real-time reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Expression of bcl-XL increased one day after BSO injection, but was back to the basal level on day 4. Its expression decreased on day 7. Expressions of bcl-2 and bax were significantly decreased from 4 days after BSO injection, whereas expression of bad was not changed. An anti-apoptotic molecule, bak displayed a significant decrease 7 days after BSO injection, whereas neuronal cell specific Bak (Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer), N-Bak was not altered in its gene expression. Taken together, we demonstrated that decrease in intracellular glutathione level altered expressions of Bcl-2 family members in distinct manners. Our study implies a defensive mechanism of GSH against oxidative stress for retinal neuronal survival which may involve alteration of expression of Bcl-2 family members, especially Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Thus, over-expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL may not the only but a critical factor in GSH-dependent cellular protection, and which implies Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL may provide a potent therapeutic tool for cures against oxidative stress induced retinal degenerative diseases such as glaucoma, retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration.
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