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J.Health Sci., 54(2), 240-243, 2008
Seasonal and Diurnal Fluctuations in the Concentrations of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in Residential Sewage Water
Yuji Takao,*, a Miki Shimazu,a
Mayumi Fukuda,a Hiroshi Ishibashi,b
Masaki Nagae,a Shinya Kohra,a
Yasuhiro Tabira,c Yasuhiro Ishibashi,d
and Koji Arizonob
aFaculty of Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan,
bFaculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan,
cJoint Research Center, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyomachi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan, and
dFaculty of Human Environment, Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, 536 Abamachi, Nagasaki 851-0193, Japan
Seasonal and diurnal fluctuations in pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) concentrations in residential sewage water were ascertained in an area with no businesses industry (e.g., plants or offices) upstream. PPCPs with high detection rates included ibuprofen, acetaminophen and indomethacin (antipyretic analgesics), atenolol and disopyramide (antiarrhythmics), clarithromycin (antibiotic), levofloxacin (synthetic antimicrobial agent) and triclosan (disinfectant). In summer, the concentration of triclosan was the highest, while in winter, the concentrations of ibuprofen and acetaminophen were higher than the others. Moreover, three types of diurnal fluctuations were observed: no marked diurnal changes (triclosan), high daytime concentrations (disopyramide) and high nighttime concentrations (acetaminophen).
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