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J.Health Sci., 52(6), 758-768, 2006
Effect of beta-Crytoxanthin on Circulating Bone Metabolic Markers: Intake of Juice (Citrus Unshiu) Supplemented with beta-Cryptoxanthin Has an Effect in Menopausal Women
Masayoshi Yamaguchi,*, a Aki Igarashi,a Satoshi Uchiyama,a
Kuniaki Sugawara,b
Takashi Sumida,b Seiichi Morita,b Hiroshi Ogawa,b
Masahito Nishitani,c
and Yoshitaka Kajimotod
aLaboratory of Endocrinology and Molecular Metabolism, Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan,
bResearch & Development, Ehime Beverage, Inc., 478 Anjyoji-machi, Matsuyama 791-8603, Japan,
cSoiken Clinic and
dSoiken Inc., Senri Life Science Center, 1-4-2 Shinsenri-higashimachi, Toyonaka 560-0082, Japan
The effects of prolonged intake of juice prepared from Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu MARC.) containing beta-cryptoxanthin on circulating biochemical markers of bone metabolism in subjects, including menopausal woman, were investigated. Ninety volunteers, aged 27-65 years (19 men and 71 women), were enrolled in this study. The 71 females included 35 premenopausal women (ages, 27-50 years) and 36 postmenopausal women (ages, 46-65 years). Volunteers were divided into four groups; placebo juice without beta-cyptoxanthin (5 men and 19 women), juice containing beta-cyptoxanthin at 1.5 mg/200 ml of juice/day (4 men and 17 women), 3.0 mg/day (5 men and 17 women), and 6.0 mg/day (5 men and 18 women). Placebo or juice (200 ml) was ingested once a day for 28 or 56 days. Serum beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations were significantly increased after the intake of juice containing beta-cryptoxanthin (1.5, 3.0, or 6.0 mg/day) for 28 or 56 days, and the increases were dose-dependent. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and gamma-carboxylated osteocalcin are serum bone markers of bone formation, and bone tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) and N-telopeptides of type I collagen are markers of bone resorption. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly increased after the intake of juice containing beta-cryptoxanthin (3.0 or 6.0 mg/day) for 56 days as compared with the value obtained before intake. gamma-Carboxylated osteocalcin concentration was significantly increased after the intake of juice containing beta-cryptoxanthin (3.0 or 6.0 mg/day) for 28 or 56 days as compared with the value obtained before intake or after the intake of placebo juice. Serum TRACP activity and type I collagen N-telopeptide concentration were significantly decreased after the intake of juice containing beta-cryptoxanthin (3.0 or 6.0 mg/day) for 28 or 56 days as compared with the value obtained before intake or after intake of placebo juice, and significant decreases were also seen after the intake of 1.5 mg/day beta-cryptoxanthin as compared with the value obtained before intake. In menopausal women, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity and gamma-carboxylated osteocalcin concentration were significantly increased after the intake of juice containing beta-cryptoxanthin (3.0 or 6.0 mg/day) for 56 days as compared with the value obtained after placebo intake. Also, this intake caused a significant decrease in bone TRACP activity. Meanwhile, serum calcium, inorganic phosphorous, and parathyroid hormone (intact) were not changed after the intake of beta-cryptoxanthin-containing juice for 28 or 56 days. This study demonstrates that the prolonged intake of juice fortified with beta-cryptoxanthin has stimulatory effects on bone formation and inhibitory effects on bone resorption in humans, and that the intake has an effect in menopausal women.
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