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J.Health Sci., 52(2), 148-153, 2006
Genotoxicity of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds
Daisuke Nakajima,*, a Ruri Ishii,a Shiho Kageyama,a Yoshiki Onji,b Shigeru Mineki,c Nobuhisa Morooka,d Kosuke Takatori,e and Sumio Gotoa
aResearch Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan, bAir Environment Division, Nara Prefectural Institute for Hygiene and Environment, 57-6 Ohmori-cho, Nara, Nara 630-8131, Japan, cFaculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan, dFaculty of Home Economics, Koriyama Women's University, 3-25-2 Kaisei, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8503, Japan, and eDivision of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
Luminescent and light absorption umu tests were used to investigate the genotoxicity of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs), which have been reported to occur in conjunction with the growth of filamentous fungi. Investigation of 20 types of MVOC samples confirmed the SOS-inducing activity of 1-octen-3-ol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-heptanone, 3-octanol, 1-pentanol, 1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, 3-octanone, 2-hexanone, 2-butanone, 3-methyl-2-butanone, 2-pentanol, ethyl isobutyrate, and terpinen-4-ol. Of these materials, 3-methyl-2-butanone and 3-methyl-2-butanol, which were positive in both the luminescent and light absorption umu tests, were clearly shown also to be mutagenic based on the results of the Ames test. Each of these 20 MVOCs is known to be produced by microorganisms commonly detected in indoor environments, and long-term exposure could be a health hazard.
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