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J.Health Sci., 50(3), 235-247, 2004
Distribution of Bromine/Chlorine-Containing Disinfection By-Products in Tap Water from
Different Water Sources in the Hyogo Prefecture
Tatsuhiko Kawamoto* and Nobuko Makihata
Water Environment Division, Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, 2-1-29 Arata-cho,
Hyogo-ku, Kobe 652-0032, Japan
An investigation was conducted to determine both the distribution and the concentration of 24 types of
disinfection by-products (DBPs) formed by the chlorination of tap water during the water treatment process. The 24 DBPs
consisted of 9 haloacetic acids (HAAs), 9 haloacetonitriles (HACNs), 4 trihalomethanes (THMs), chloral hydrate
(CH) and formaldehyde (FA). The samples were collected from 8 different water sources in the Hyogo Prefecture.
As a result of the field study, which was conducted 4 times in one year, 23 of the DBPs mentioned above [all except
for tribromoacetonitrile (TBACN)] were detected in tap water. When the 24 DBPs are classified into their 5 main
categories, it has previously been thought that THMs would form the highest concentration group. However,
according to the results obtained in this study, the average values of the HAAs showed the highest at the various sampling
points, followed by the THMs, HACNs, chloral hydrate and formaldehyde. The composition ratios of the
bromine/chlorine-containing DBPs in tap water from different water sources were compared. The ratio of chlorine-containing
DBPs in tap water derived from surface water was higher than that in tap water derived from ground water. On the
other hand, the ratio of the bromine-containing DBPs in tap water extracted from ground water was higher than that
of tap water extracted from surface water. This tendency was observed equally for HAAs, HACNs and
THMs. This phenomena was also supported by numerical results obtained using the bromine incorporation factor [n(Br)]. It was
newly revealed that n(Br) is applicable to HAAs and HACNs in addition to THMs.
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