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J.Health Sci., 50(1), 33-41, 2004
Toxic Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Myogenic Cells
Andrea Cannavo,a Paola
Ceci,a Dario
Coletti,b Maurizio
Cortesi,c Fabrizio
Papa,c
Elisabetta Vivarelli,b Francesco
Tomei,a Sergio
Adamo,b and Fabio Naro*,
b
aInstitute of Forensic Medicine (Occupational Medicine Section), University "La Sapienza," v.le Regina Elena 336, Rome 00161,
Italy, bDepartment of Histology and Medical Embryology, University "La Sapienza," via Scarpa 14, Rome 00161, Italy, and
cOperative Unit of Clinical Pathology, Hospital San Giovanni Calibita-Fatebenefratelli, Isola Tiberina, Rome 00186, Italy
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are molecules structurally related to dioxins and were widely used in the
past in industrial applications. Their chemical stability and high lipophilicity make them persistent pollutants
and dangerous occupational contaminants. Our previous results showed that "low concentrations" of PCBs
( 10 mu g/ml, using the commercial mixture
Aroclor 1254) inhibit in vitro hormonal induced myogenic
differentiation. Here we extend the notion of PCBs as inhibitors of myogenic differentiation induced by lower serum
medium. Aroclor 1254 treatment of myogenic cells, induced to differentiate in low serum medium, inhibits (at
concentrations 10 mu g/ml) the extent of fusion and the size of the myotubes as well as the accumulation of
sarcomeric myosin. We also investigated whether the cell mortality observed at
Aroclor 1254 concentrations  10 mu g/ml is due to necrosis or to apoptosis. Using different approaches, we observed that
Aroclor 1254 causes necrosis but not apoptosis of myogenic cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we report that
Aroclor 1254 induces release of the intracellular enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) in a
dose-dependent manner. These results may explain the CK serum elevation observed in patients exposed to high
doses of PCBs.
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