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J.Health Sci., 49(6), 534-540, 2003
Analysis of Chondroitin/Dermatan Sulfate Microstructure in Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells after Exposure to
Lead and Cadmium
Yasuyuki Fujiwara,a Chika Yamamoto,a Toshiyuki Kaji,*, a and Anna H. Plaasb
aDepartment of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Ho-3 Kanagawa-machi, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan and bDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612-4799, U.S.A.
Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate chains consist of a repeating disaccharide unit of glucuronic acid (GlcA)/iduronic acid (IdoA) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) with or without O-sulfation at the C-4 and C-6 position of GalNAc and at the C-2 position of IdoA. Lead and cadmium influence the synthesis of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycan core proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells when the cell density is high and low, respectively. However, it has been unclear whether the metals influence the synthesis of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate chains. In the present study, it was shown that lead inhibits the formation of GlcA beta 1-3GalNAc, GlcA beta 1-3GalNAc(4S) and GlcA beta 1-3GalNAc(6S) in dense cells, whereas cadmium inhibits the formation of GlcA beta 1-3GalNAc(4S) and GlcA beta 1-3GalNAc(6S) but increases that of IdoA beta 1-3GalNAc(4S) in the sparse cells. The present data support the hypothesis that lead and cadmium may influence the composition of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate in atherosclerotic vascular wall depending on the density of vascular smooth muscle cells.
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