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J.Health Sci., 49(2), 138-148, 2003
Forensic Toxicological Determination of Surfactant by Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray
Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Tandem
Mass Spectrometry
Mayumi Nishikawa,* Munehiro Katagi, Akihiro Miki, and Hitoshi Tsuchihashi
Forensic Science Laboratory, Osaka Prefectural Police Headquarters, 1-3-18 Hommachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0053, Japan
A procedure for identifying surfactants was investigated by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization
mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
(LC/ESI-MS/MS) from the forensic toxicological point of view. The analysis of anionic, cationic, and nonionic
surfactants in both negative and positive mode revealed that anionic and cationic surfactants are detected as
M- ions in the negative mode and
M+ ions in the positive mode, respectively, while
[M+H]+ ions or
[M+NH4]+ ions appeared for nonionic surfactants in the positive mode. Anionic surfactants (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate and
polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate) were successfully extracted using a weak anion exchange cartridge, with
recovery rates of 53.8-76.7%. Cationic surfactant (benzalkonium) was also easily extracted using a weak cation
exchange cartridge with a recovery rate of 107%. When aqueous solutions of cationic, anionic, and nonionic
surfactants were concentrated to dryness, the recovery rates ranged from 65.8% to 124%. By analyzing anionic
surfactants (alpha-olefine sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate) in the
product ion scan mode in LC/ESI-MS/MS, it was possible to identify the structure of the hydrophilic group of
surfactants, and MS/MS was confirmed to be a powerful technique for classification.
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